EPA OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EPA/625/R/92/013 Revised July 2003
Control of Pathogens and Vector Attractions
[EPA FAILED TO UPDATE THIS LIST FROM 1989 or define colifom as a pathogenic group]
Table 2-1. Principal Pathogens of Concern in Domestic sewage and sludge
Organism Disease /Symptom
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Salmonellosis (food poisoning), typhoid fever
Bacillary dysentery
Acute gastroenteritis (including
diarrhea, abdominal pain)
Cholera
Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis
Infectious hepatitis Epidemic gastroenteritis with severe
diarrhea
Acute gastroenteritis with severe diarrhea
Poliomyelitis
Meningitis, pneumonia, hepatitis, fever, cold-like
symptoms, etc.
Meningitis, paralysis, encephalitis, fever, cold-like
symptoms, diarrhea, etc.
Respiratory infections, gastroenteritis
Epidemic gastroenteritis
Epidemic gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis
Acute enteritis
Giardiasis (including diarrhea, abdominal cramps,
weight loss)
Diarrhea and dysentery
Toxoplasmosis
Digestive and nutritional disturbances, abdominal pain,
vomiting, restlessness
May produce symptoms such as coughing, chest pain,
and fever
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia, weight loss
Fever, abdominal discomfort, muscle aches,
neurological symptoms
Nervousness, insomnia, anorexia, abdominal pain,
digestive disturbances
Nervousness, insomnia, anorexia, abdominal pain,
digestive disturbances
Hookworm disease
Taeniasis
Bacteria
Salmonella sp.
Shlgella sp..
Yersinia sp.
Vibrio cholerae
Campylobacter jejuni
Escherichia coli
(pathogenic strains)
Enteric Viruses
Hepatitis A virus
Norwalk and
Norwalk-like viruses
Rotaviruses
Enteroviruses
Polioviruses
Coxsackieviruses
Echoviruses
Reovirus
Astroviruses
Caliciviruses
Protozoa
Cryptosporidium
Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
Balantidium coli
Toxop/asma gondii
Helminth Worms
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris suum
Trichuris trichiura
Toxocara canis
Taenia saginafa
Taenia solium
Necator americanus
Hymenolepis nana
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Source: Kowal (1985, and EPA (1989)