ORGANISMS THAT COMMONLY CAUSE ACUTE
INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS
http://www.merck.com/media/mmpe/pdf/Table_039-2.pdf
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PATIENT GROUPS ORGANISM TYPICAL SOURCES
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Adults and adolescents
Newborns
Children ≤ 3 yr
Age 3 yr to adolescence
Children with meningitis,
bacteremia, palpable
purpura
All ages
Patients with possible
tick exposure
Patients with bite
wounds
Human
Elderly; patients with
severe joint trauma;
serious disease
(immunosuppression,
hemodialysis, SLE, RA,
diabetes, malignancy)
Dogs or cats
Rats
|
Gonococci, nongonococcal bacteria
(Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci),
Neisseria meningitidis
in unusual cases
Group B streptococci, Escherichia
coli (and other gram-negative
enteric bacteria), S. aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes, S.
pneumoniae, S. aureus
S. aureus, streptococci, Neisseria
gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Kingella kingae
N. meningitidis (uncommon)
Viruses (eg, parvovirus B19; hepatitis
B; hepatitis C; rubella virus
[active infection and after immunization];
togavirus; varicella; mumps [in adults];
adenovirus; coxsackie viruses A9, B2,
B3, B4, and B6; retroviruses, including
HIV; Epstein-Barr virus)
Borrelia burgdorferi (causing
Lyme disease)
Often polymicrobial
Eikenella corrodens, group B
streptococci, S. aureus, oral
anaerobes (eg, Fusobacterium sp,
peptostreptococci, Bacteroides sp)
Gram-negative bacteria (eg,
Enterobacter, P. aeruginosa, Serratia
marcescens)
S. aureus, Pasteurella multocida,
Pseudomonas sp, Moraxella sp,
Haemophilus sp,
S. aureus, Streptobacillus moniliformis,
Spirillum minus
Cervical, urethral, rectal, or
pharyngeal infection with
bacteremic dissemination (for
gonococci)
Maternal-fetal transmission;
IV punctures or catheters with
bacteremic dissemination
Bacteremia (eg, otitis media,
URIs, skin infections,
meningitis)
Bacteremia or contiguous
spread
Bacteremia
Viremia or immune
complex deposition
Bacteremia
Direct joint penetration,
usually the small joints
of the hands
Urinary tract, skin