1950--1969 Studies That Affect Your Health Through Contaminated Food and Water From Sewage
(101) 12/4/2010
Highlights
This period saw the development of genetic engineering capabilities. The medical profession discovered even
more serious infections caused by bacteria even as the Public Health Service was trying to decide the
significance of coliform contamination in water and food using indole; methyl red; Voges-Proskauer, and
citrate in laboratory growth media to establish the family Entrobacteriaceae which cause about 50% of
hospital acquired infections. There was an explosive expansion of antibiotic resistant bacteria in Japan which
was ignored by the health agencies of other countries even as they reported on the phenomenon.
1950
Bacteria coli an Infantile Gastro-enteritis -- Cigarettes and Cancer (letters) (1950)
http://thewatchers.us/EPA/11/1950-B-coli-tobacco.html
MUTANTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI REQUIRING METHIONINE OR VITAMIN B12 (1950)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC385836/
Studies on nutritionally deficient bacterial mutants isolated by means of penicillin.(1950)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/b244771247492321/fulltext.pdf
1951
RECOMBINATION ANALYSIS OF BACTERIAL HEREDITY (1951)
http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/BB/A/B/F/F/_/bbabff.ocr
STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE: A GENETICALLY RECESSIVE MUTATION (1951)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC386043/
Survival of Selected Enteric Organisms in Various Types of Soil (1951)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/cgi/reprint/41/1/38.pdf
The Anaerogenic Effect of Nitrates and Nitrites on Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria (1951)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1525593/pdf/amjphnation00425-0068.pdf
THE SURVIVAL OF BACTERIA DURING AND AFTER DRYING (1951)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2235025/pdf/jhyg00168-0103.pdf
1952
GENETIC EXCHANGE IN SALMONELLA (1952)
http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/BB/A/B/F/L/_/bbabfl.pdf
SALMONELLA DUBLIN AS A CAUSE OF CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS: [bone infection] (1952)
http://web.jbjs.org.uk/cgi/reprint/34-B/1/80.pdf
Sex Compatibility in Escherichia Coli (1952)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1209583/
The Status of Serologic Typing in the Family Enterobacteriaceae -(cdc) (1952)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/cgi/reprint/42/6/665
1953
Hydrogen Sulphide Production by Bacteria (1953)
http://thewatchers.us/EPA/13/1953-H2S-bacteria.pdf
STUDIES OF MUTABILITY IN NUTRITIONALLY DEFICIENT STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI (1953),
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC169454/pdf/jbacter00013-0045.pdf
The Integration of Research on the Nutrition and .Metabolism of Micro -organisms The Inaugural Marjory
Stephenson Memorial Lecture (1953). (viable bacteria with no growth (VBNC))
http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/9/2/151.pdf
1954
Bone Abscess caused by E. coli (1954)
http://www.jbjs.org.uk/cgi/reprint/36-B/3/436.pdf
MENDELIAN AND NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE OF STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE IN
CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI (1954),
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC534135/pdf/pnas00732-0096.pdf
THE IDENTIFICATION OF FAECAL B. COLI IN WATER AND MILK SUPPLIES (1954)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13168644
1955
CROSS-INFECTION OF WOUNDS WITH ANTIBIOTICRESISTANT ORGANISMS (1955)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2061717/pdf/brmedj03335-0011.pdf
Genetic Recombination in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1955)
http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/13/3/572.pdf
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON X-RAY INDUCED MUTABILITY IN ESCHERICHIA COLI(1955)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC357629/
ON THE MECHANISM OF DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE TO STREPTOMYCIN IN MICROCOCCUS
PYOGENES VAR. AUREUS (1955),
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC357721/pdf/jbacter00538-0148.pdf
THE RELATIONSHIP OF BACTERIOPHAGE TO ANTIGENIC CHANGES IN GROUP E SALMONELLAS
(1955), http://jb.asm.org/cgi/reprint/69/5/571
The Use of Serology in the Classification of Micro -organisms (1955)
http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/12/2/367.pdf
1956
Conjugation and Genetic Recombination in Escherichia coli K-12 (1956)
http://symposium.cshlp.org/content/21/141.extract
LINEAR INHERITANCE IN TRANSDUCTIONAL CLONES (1956)
http://www.genetics.org/cgi/reprint/41/6/845.pdf
SYMPOSIUM ON ENTEROBACTERIACEAE [coliform] OF MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE: ISOLATION,
IDENTIFICATION, AND PATHOGENIC POTENTIALITIES' (1956) "Dr. Hardy emphasized the urgent need for
additional knowledge on these diseases, which continue to be the chief cause of death in most areas of the
world."
http://thewatchers.us/EPA/13/1956-entrolsym.pdf
Time, Temperature, and Protein Synthesis: A Study of Ultraviolet-Induced Mutation in Bacteria (1956)
http://symposium.cshlp.org/content/21/123.extract
1957
CHRONIC SUBPHRENIC ABSCESS DUE TO SALMONELLA ORANIENBURG INFECTION: CASE REPORT
AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE* (1957)
http://www.annals.org/content/46/1/169.extract
HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SHIGELLA' (1957)
http://thewatchers.us/EPA/15/1957-e-coli-shig-recomb.pdf
The Coliform [Enterobacteriaceae] Group, I. The Boric Acid Lactose Broth Reaction of Coliform IMViC
Types, (Public Health Service) (1957), http://thewatchers.us/EPA/1957-coliform.pdf
The Kinetics of the Mating Process in Escherichia coli (1957)
http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/16/1/97.pdf
The Nature of the Endergonic Processes in Conjugation in Escherichia coli K-12 (1957)
http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/16/1/136.pdf
The Role of the Krebs Cycle in Conjugation in Escherichia coli K-12 (1957)
http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/16/1/120.pdf
1958
ALTERATIONS IN THE BLOOD COAGULATION SYSTEM INDUCED BY BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS, (1958)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2136681/pdf/369.pdf
Lysis Resulting from Metabolic Disturbance (1958) "In an unsuitable medium, growth may continue for a
time or it may stop more or less abruptly; further, in each case the cells of the culture may remain in a state of
suspended animation or they may rapidly lyse."
http://thewatchers.us/EPA/13/1958-lysis-compounds.pdf
The Coliform Group II (1958)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1057428/pdf/applmicro00319-0063.pdf
1959
CHARACTERISTICS OF A HIGH FREQUENCY OF RECOMBINATION (HFR) STRAIN OF SALMONELLA
TYPHOSA COMPATIBLE WITH SALMONELLA, SHIGELLA, AND ESCHERICHIA SPECIES (1959)
http://www.pnas.org/content/45/12/1752.full.pdf
Genetic Recombination Between Escherichia Coli and Salmonella Typhimurium (1959)
http://www.pnas.org/content/45/7/976.full.pdf
1960
DIPLOID HETEROZYGOUS HYBRIDS FROM MATINGS BETWEEN ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA
TYPHOSA (1960), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2137222/
PHAGOCYTOSIS, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO ENCAPSULATED BACTERIA (1960)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC441036/?page=1
1961
EFFECT OF TYPHOID O ANTIGEN (ENDOTOXIN) ON THE VIRULENCE OF AN ODEFICIENT
VARIANT OF SALMONELLA TYPHOSA (1961), http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/73/2/224.extract
EPISOME-MEDIATED TRANSFER OF DRUG RESISTANCE IN ENTEROBACTERIACEAE (1961)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC279073/pdf/jbacter00480-0021.pdf
EXPERIMENTAL GENETIC RECOMBINATION IN VIVO BETWEEN ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA
TYPHIMURIUM (1961), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2137439/
Rapid Presumptive Identification of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli if Faecal Smears by Means of
Fluorescent Antibody. (1961), http://thewatchers.us/EPA/6/1961-bulletin_1961_25-2_153-158.pdf
Viricidal Efficiency of Disinfectants in Water (Public Health Service) (1961)
http://thewatchers.us/EPA/3/1961-virus-disinfection.pdf
1962
A METHOD FOR SELECTING RADIATION-SENSITIVE MUTANTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI (1962)
http://thewatchers.us/EPA/13/1962-radiation-resistnt-E.coli.pdf
COMBINATION OF TWO TYPES OF TRANSMISSIBLE DRUG-RESISTANCE FACTORS IN A HOST
BACTERIUM (1962), http://jb.asm.org/cgi/reprint/84/1/9.pdf
CONJUGAL FERTILITY ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE FACTOR R IN ESCHERICHIA COLI (1962)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC277988/pdf/jbacter00463-0048.pdf
ESTIMATION OF ELASTOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF STRAINS OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA (1962)
(severe elastolysis of the arterial elastic laminae -- necrotizing vasculitis)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC278307/pdf/jbacter00457-0238.pdf
GENETIC HOMOLOGY BETWEEN ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12 AND SALMONELLA (1962)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC278063/
IN VITRO STUDIES OF MAMMALIAN SOMATIC CELL VARIATION II. ISOImmune CYTOTOXlCITY WITH A
CULTURED Mouse LYMPHOMA AND SELECTION OF RESISTANT VARIANTS*, (1962)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2137607/pdf/267.pdf
RELEASE OF GENETIC TRANSFORMING AGENT FROM PNEUMOCOCCAL CULTURES DURING
GROWTH AND DISINTEGRATION* (1962),
http://jem.rupress.org/content/116/4/491.full.pdf
The Survival of Starved Bacteria (1962) (regrowth)
http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/29/2/233.pdf
TRANSMISSION OF A RESISTANCE TRANSFER FACTOR FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI TO TWO SPECIES OF
PASTEURELLA (U.S. Army) (1962),
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC278306/pdf/jbacter00457-0237.pdf
Transmissible Drug Resistance in an Epidemic Strain of Salmonella typhimurium
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2134509/pdf/jhyg00125-0023.pdf
1963
DIAGNOSIS OF TOXIC GASTRO-ENTERITIS DUE TO PATHOGENIC COLIBACILLI IN INFANTS BY MEANS OF
IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE,(1963)
http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=AD834641&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
DRUG RESISTANCE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA II. TRANSDUCTION OF TRANSMISSIBLE
DRUG-RESISTANCE (R) FACTORS WITH PHAGE EPSILON1 (1963)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC283650/pdf/jbacter00452-0216.pdf
INFECTIVE HEREDITY OF MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANCE IN BACTERIA
http://thewatchers.us/EPA/2/1963-infective-drug-resistance.pdf
SANITARY SIGNIFICANCE OF COLIFORM AND FECAL COLIFORM ORGANISMS IN SURFACE WATER
(Public Health Service) (1963), http://thewatchers.us/EPA/1963-coliform.pdf
Staphylococcal Growth and Enterotoxin Production in Meat (1963),
http://thewatchers.us/Invasivepathogens/498Staphresearchattempt.pdf
1964
Comparison of the Recovery of Escherichia coli from Frozen Foods and Nutmeats by Confirmatory
Incubation in EC Medium at 44.5 and 45.5 C (1964), http://thewatchers.us/EPA/1963-EC-medium.pdf
DRUG RESISTANCE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA III. ACQUISITION OF TRANSFERABILITY OF
NONTRANSMISSIBLE R(TC) FACTOR IN COOPERATION WITH F FACTOR AND FORMATION OF FR(TC)
(1964), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC277402/pdf/jbacter00439-0087.pdf
EFFECT OF DRUG-RESISTANCE FACTOR R ON THE F PROPERTIES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI (1964)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC277014/pdf/jbacter00442-0119.pdf
EPISOME-MEDIATED TRANSFER OF DRUG RESISTANCE IN ENTEROBACTERIACEAE (1964)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC314833/pdf/jbacter00593-0128.pdf
GENETIC RECOMBINATION BETWEEN THE RESISTANCE TRANSFER FACTOR AND THE
CHROMOSOME OF ESCHERICHIA COLI (NASA) (1964),
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC277208/pdf/jbacter00446-0107.pdf
Sanitary Significants of coliform and fecal coliform (1964)
http://www.thewatchers.us/EPA/1963-coliform.pdf
TRANSFER OF DRUG RESISTANCE BETWEEN ENTERIC BACTERIA INDUCED IN THE MOUSE
INTESTINE (1964), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC277303/pdf/jbacter00437-0072.pdf
1965
Boundary Between Bacterial Mesophilism and Thermophilism (U.S.Army) (1965)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC315593/pdf/jbacter00424-0076.pdf
Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria V. High Frequency of Transduction of R Factors with Bacteriophage
Epsilon (1965), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC315799/
Escherichia coli and Neonatal Disease of Calves (1965)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC441261/pdf/bactrev00144-0087.pdf
The Isolation of Enterobacteriaceae Processing the Property of Transmissible Multuple-Drug Resistance
(1965),
http://archive.samj.org.za/1965%20VOL%20XXXIX%20Jul-Dec/Articles/10%20October/4.5%20THE%20ISOL
ATION%20OF%20ENTEROBACTERIACEAE%20POSSESSING%20THE%20PROPERTY%20OF%20TRANS
MISSIBLE%20MULTIPLE-DRUG%20RE.pdf
1966
Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria VI. Introduction of Bacteriophage P1CM into Salmonella typhi and
Formation of P1dCM and F-CM Elements (1966), http://jb.asm.org/cgi/content/short/91/5/1787
Gene Recombination and Segregation of Resistance Factor R in Escherichia coli (1966)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC315909/pdf/jbacter00419-0087.pdf
Lethal Gram-Negative Bacterial Superinfection in Guinea Pigs Given Bacitracin -- 10
million fold increase (1966)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC276268/pdf/jbacter00414-0248.pdf
Loss and Repair of Conjugal Fertility and Infectivity of the Resistance Factor and Sex Factor in Escherichia
coli (1966), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC316028/
Salmonella with Transferable Drug Resistance (1966)
http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM196609222751201
1967
Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria IX. Distribution of R Factors in Gram-negative Bacteria from Clinical
Sources (1967), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC276592/
Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria VIII. Chromosomal Location of Nontransferable R Factor in
Escherichia coli (1967), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC276591/pdf/jbacter00410-0070.pdf
Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria XIII. Distribution of R Factors in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from
Livestock (1967), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC276790/
Effect of Food Intake on Growth and Survival of Salmonellas and Escherichia coli in the Bovine Rumen
(1967), http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/46/1/125.pdf
IN VIVO TRANSMISSION OF DRUG RESISTANCE FACTORS BETWEEN STRAINS OF
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS* (1967), http://jem.rupress.org/content/125/1/45.full.pdf
MULTIPLE TRANSMISSIBLE DRUG RESISTANCE IN AN OUTBREAK OF SHIGELLA FLEXNERI INFECTION
(1967), http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(67)90793-3/abstract
R Factor Infection of Escherichia coli Lyophilized in 1946 (1967)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC276944/pdf/jbacter00407-0295.pdf
1968
Infant diarrhoea due to Escherichia coli 091 K? H7 (1968)
http://thewatchers.us/EPA/6/1968-coli091.pdf
Infectious Drug Resistance Among Clinically Isolated Escherichia coli (1968)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC315210/pdf/jbacter00589-0138.pdf
Isolation of Acinetobacter from Soil and Water
http://thewatchers.us/EPA/5/1968-acinetobacter.pdf
Plasmid-linked Resistance to Inorganic Salts in Staphylococcus aureus (1968)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC315091/pdf/jbacter00587-0169.pdf
R-Factors in Calcutta Strains of Vibrio cholerae and Members of the Enterobacteriaceae (1968)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2554595/pdf/bullwho00233-0127.pdf
R (Transmissible Drug-resistance) Factors in Salmonella typhimurium: Pattern of Transduction by Phage
P22 and Ultraviolet-protection Effect (1968), http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/53/1/109
The Incidence and Pattern of Microbial Infection at Freedmen's Hospital (1968)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2611461/pdf/jnma00521-0020.pdf
The Transmissible Nature of the Genetic Factor in Escherichia coli that Controls Enterotoxin Production
(1968), http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/52/3/319.pdf
1969
Drug Resistance and R Factors in the Bowel Bacteria of London Patients before and after Admission to
Hospital (1969), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1983307/pdf/brmedj02032-0031.pdf
Formation of Recombinants Between Nontransmissible Drug-Resistance Determinants and
Transfer Factors (1969),
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC249886/pdf/jbacter00393-0570.pdf
GASTROENTERITIS FOLLOWING INGESTION OF SEWAGE POLLUTED WATER: AN OUTBREAK AT A
LOGGING CAMP ON THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA (1969)
http://thewatchers.us/EPA/6/1969-outbreak-washington.html
Incidence of Infectious Drug Resistance Among Lactose-Fermenting Bacteria Isolated from
Raw and Treated Sewage
http://thewatchers.us/EPA/2/1969-drug-resistance-sewage.pdf
R-factor Gene Expression in Gram-negative Bacteria (1969) (R-Factor transferred from Escherichia coli
K I2 to E. coli, Serratia marcescens, Alkdlescens sp. and Aerobacter demgenes)
http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/55/1/109.pdf
R Factors Improving Survival of Escherichia coli K-12 After Ultraviolet Irradiation (1969)
http://thewatchers.us/EPA/15/1968-uv-improves-survival.pdf
Stable Coexistence of Three Resistance Factors (Ji-) in Salmonella panama and Escherichia coli K 12
(1969), http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/58/1/107.pdf
Transferable Drug Resistance Among Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Cases of Neonatal Diarrhea in
Calves and Piglets (1969)
Transferable Drug Resistance in Enterobacteria Isolated from Urban Infants (1969)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1983349/pdf/brmedj02032-0029.pdf