EPA's    BIOTERRORISM Program

                           Sewage Sludge Disposal as a Fertilizer
LETTER TO CDC ON BIOTERRORISM RULES
Since 1980, EPA has had a policy of promoting the used of biologically contaminated sewage
sludge as a fertilizer on food crops, as well as lawns and gardens. As the most powerful entity in the
government, it had the statutory power to prevent the Health Department from investigating in
health complaints or deaths. The state Environmental Departments have had the same power over
the State Health Departments. Now we know it was/is
bioterrorism.

The new laws should stop intrastate shipment of biological contaminated sludge and the Agricultural
Bioterrorism Act should stop the dumping of sludge on farmland.
IF THE BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
ARE DANGEROUS IN A LABORATORY -- HOW MUCH MORE DANGEROUS IN THE FIELD AND
ON YOUR LAWN?

The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 (Public Law
107-188; June 12, 2002) requires that the United States improve its ability to prevent, prepare for,
and respond to acts of bioterrorism and other public health emergencies that could threaten either
public health and safety or American Agriculture. It necessitates that individuals possessing, using,
or transferring agents or toxins deemed a severe threat to public, animal or plant health, or to
animal or plant products notify either the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS) or the Secretary of the Department of Agriculture (USDA). In accordance with the
Act, implementing regulations detailing the requirements for possession, use, and transfer for select
agents and toxins were published by
HHS (42 CFR part 73) and by USDA (9 CFR part 121 and 7
CFR part 331) .    

Excerpts from UDSDA 9CFR 121 & 7 CFR 331

http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/shipregs.htm

All provisions of these final rules supersede those contained in the interim final rules
and became effective on April 18, 2005. The select agents and toxins identified in the
final rules have the potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety, to
animal and plant health, or to animal and plant products.


Interstate Shipment of Etiologic Agents
42 CFR Part 72 (Final)

Federal Register, Vol. 45, No. 141-Monday, July 21, 1980.
Part 72-Interstate Shipment of Etiologic Agents 1

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Office of Health and Safety
Biosafety Branch
(Date Last Rev'd: March 9, 1995)

1 The requirements of this part are in addition to and not in lieu of any other packaging or
other requirements for the transportation of etiologic agents in interstate traffic
prescribed by the Department of Transportation and other agencies of the Federal
Government.

Sec. 72.1 Definitions
72.2 Transportation of diagnostic specimens, biological products, and other materials; minimum
packaging requirements.
72.3 Transportation of materials containing certain etiologic agents; minimum packaging
requirements.
72.4 Notice of delivery; failure to receive.
72.5 Requirements; variations.
Authority: Sec. 215, 58 Stat. 690, as amended. 42 U.S.C. 216; sec. 361, 58 Stat. 703, (42
U.S.C 264)

§72.1 Definitions

As used in this part: "Biological product" means a biological prepared and manufactured in
accordance with the provisions of 9 CFR Parts 102-104 and 21 CFR Parts 312 and 600-680 and
which, in accordance with such provisions, may be shipped in interstate traffic.

"Diagnostic specimen" means any human or animal material including, but not limited to, excreta,
secreta, blood and its components, tissue, and tissue fluids being shipped for purposes of
diagnosis.

"Etiologic agent" means a viable microorganism or its toxin which causes, or may cause,
human disease.

"Interstate traffic" means the movement of any conveyance or the transportation of persons or
property, including any portion of such movement or transportation which is entirely within a State
or possessions, [a] from a point of origin in any State or possession to a point of destination in any
other State or possession, or [b] between a point of origin and a point of destination in the same
State or possession but through any other State, possession, or contiguous foreign country.

§72.2 Transportation of diagnostic specimens, biological products, and other materials; minimum
packaging requirements.

No person may knowingly transport or cause to be transported in interstate traffic, directly or
indirectly, any material including, but not limited to, diagnostic specimens and biological products
which such person reasonably believe may contain an etiologic agent unless such material is
packaged to withstand leakage of contents, shocks, pressure changes, and other conditions
incident to ordinary handling in transportation.

§72.3 Transportation of materials containing certain etiologic agents; minimum packaging
requirements.

Notwithstanding the provisions of §72.2, no person may knowingly transport or cause to be
transported in interstate traffic, directly or indirectly, any material [other than biological products]
known to contain, or reasonably believed by such person to contain, one or more of the following
etiologic agents unless such material is packaged, labeled, and shipped in accordance with the
requirements specified in paragraphs [a]-[f] of this section:


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                                                   Bacterial Agents
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.                                                 Leptospira interrogans - all serovars.
Actinobacillus - all species.                                                    Listeria - all species.
Actinomycetaceae - all members.                                          Mimae polymorhpa.
Aeromonas hydrophilia.                                                         Moraxella - all species.
Arachnia propionica.                                                              Mycobacterium - all species.
Arizona hinshawii - all serotypes.                                           Mycoplasma - all species.
Bacillus anthracis.                                                                  Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis.
Bacteroides spp.                                                                    Nocardia asteroides.
Bartonella - all species.                                                          Pasteurella - all species.
Bordetella - all species.                                                          Plesiomonas shigelloides.
Borrelia recurrentis, B. vincenti.                                             Proteus - all species.
Brucella - all species.                                                             Pseudomonas mallei.
Campylobacter (Vibrio) foetus, C. (Vibrio) jejuni.                   Pseudomonas pseudomallei.
Chlamydia psittaci, C. trachomatis.                                        Salmonella - all species and all               
                                                                                                                    serotypes.
Clostridium botulinum, Cl. chauvoei,Cl. haemolyticum,
Cl. histolyticum,Cl. novyi, Cl. septicum, Cl. tetani.                    Shigella - all species and all                 
                                                                                                                       serotypes.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. equi,C. haemolyticum,
C. pseudotuberculosis,C. pyogenes, C. renale.                     Sphaerophorus necrophorus.
Edwarsiella tarda.                                                                    Staphylococcus aureus.
Erysipelothrix insidiosa.                                                            Streptobacillus moniliformis.
Escherichia coli, all enteropathogenic serotypes.                    Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Francisella [Pasteurella] Tularensis.                                        Streptococcus pyogenes.
Haemophilus ducreyi, H. influenzae.                                        Treponema careteum, T. pallidum,       
                                                                                                          and T. pertenue.
Klebsiella - all species and all serotypes.                                Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus
Legionella - all species and all Legionella-like organisms.      Yersinia (Pasteurella) pestis,Y.             
                                                                                                              enterocolitica.


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                                                                   Fungal Agents
Blastomyces dermatitidis.                                                         Histoplasma capsulatum.
Coccidioides immitis.                                                                 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.
Cryptococcus neoformans.  


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                                                           Viral and Rickettsial Agents  
Adenoviruses - human - all types.                                             Measles virus.  
Arboviruses - all types.                                                              Mumps virus.
Coxiella burnetii.                                                                        Parainfluenza viruses - all types.  
Coxsackie A and B viruses - all types.                                       Polioviruses - all types.  
Creutzfeldt - Jacob agent.                                                          Rabies virus - all strains.  
Cytomegaloviruses.                                                                    Reoviruses - all types.  
Dengue viruses - all types.                                                         Respiratory syncytial virus.  
Ebola viruses.                                                                             Rhinoviruses - all types.  
Echoviruses - all types.                                                               Rickettsia - all species.  
Encephalomyocarditis virus.                                                        Rocha limaea quintana.  
Hemorrhagic fever agents including , but not limited to,
Crimean hemorrhagic fever (Congo), Junin, Machupo
viruses, and Korean hemorrhagic fever viruses.                         Rotaviruses - all types.
                                                                                               Rubella virus.
                                                                                               Simian virus 40.
Hepatitis associated materials (hepatitis A,
hepatitis B, hepatitis nonA-nonB).                                               Tick - borne encephalitis virus          
                                                                                                     complex, including Russian              
                                                                                                     spring-summer encephalitis,            
                                                                                                     Kyasanur forest disease, Omsk       
                                                                                                     hemorrhagic fever, and Central       
                                                                                                     European encephalitis viruses.  
Herpesvirus - all members.                                                           Vaccinia virus.  
Infectious bronchitis - like virus.                                                    Varicella virus.  
Influenza viruses - all types.                                                          Variola major and Variola minor      
                                                                                                        viruses
Kuru agent.                                                                                   Vesicular stomatis viruses - all        
                                                                                                                         types  
Lassa virus.                                                                                  White pox viruses.
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.                                              Yellow fever virus.2  
Marburg virus.